Oedema Terminology:

Hyperkeratosis is the abnormal thickening of the outer layer of skin, known as the stratum corneum. This is the result of an abnormal quantity of keratin-producing cells. It is localised to the legs and feet, which is why it usually affects patients with lymphoedema and chronic venous insufficiency.

A reaction caused by microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses invading the body.

Leg ulcers are wounds in the lower limbs that take more than 4-6 weeks to heal. Leg ulcers can vary in severity from person to person. Leg ulcers are normally caused by comorbidities such as chronic venous insufficiency and arterial disease. 

Lipodermatosclerosis is an inflammatory condition that affects the skin on the lower limbs.

Lipoedema is a chronic condition that involves an abnormal accumulation of fat cells in the legs and buttocks. Lipoedema can affect the arms, but this is rare.
Unlike normal weight gain, lipoedema can feel painful and heavy. It can also bruise easily.

Lipoedema overwhelmingly affects women.

The lymphatic system is a part of the body’s immune system and plays a crucial role in protecting the body from infection. The lymphatic system is an extensive network of vessels, nodes, and ducts that collect and circulate excess fluid in the body.
The lymphatic system regulates fluid balance, the absorption of fatty acids in the stomach, and the elimination of dangerous cells like bacteria.

Lymphorrhoea is the leakage of lymph through the skin. In most cases, it results in a large volume of fluid being released from the body, which can soil clothes, bedding, and floors.

Maceration is the softening and breaking down of the skin, especially the periwound, because of prolonged exposure to moisture.

Malodour is defined as a foul or unpleasant smell. Wound malodour can be a sign of infection or a reaction to certain dressings. Malodour can be problematic for healthcare providers and patients. It can lead to embarrassment, stress, isolation, and nausea.

The periwound is defined as the skin immediately surrounding the wound bed.

Pus is a fluid that leaks out of wounds and cuts. It is made up of water, electrolytes, proteins, nutrients, and enzymes. Pus is sometimes known as exudate (see Exudate).

Slough is considered the by-product of inflammation. Slough is composed of skin cells, fibrin, protein, and microorganisms. It is typically a yellow or off-white colour. The presence of slough can increase the risk of maceration, infection, and malodour.

Superabsorbent dressings are designed to absorb and retain large volumes of exudate and fluid. Many superabsorbent dressings are developed to keep fluid away from the wound bed to maintain adequate moisture balance.

Varicose veins are swollen and enlarged veins that typically occur on the legs and feet. They are often blue and purple in colour.

They are usually a sign of venous insufficiency.

Venous leg ulcers are caused by chronic venous insufficiency. They are chronic and slow-healing wounds that develop on the gaiter area of the lower limbs. They are the most common type of leg ulcer, accounting for around 60% of all cases.